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Home ovulation tests are designed to detect a preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine. LH plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and is responsible for triggering ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. Just before ovulation occurs, there is a significant increase in the levels of LH, known as the LH surge. This surge typically occurs approximately 12 to 36 hours before ovulation, making it a key marker for predicting fertile windows in a woman’s cycle.

The effectiveness of home ovulation tests relies on their ability to measure this rapid increase in LH, allowing individuals to identify the most fertile days for conception. Thus, when the test detects elevated levels of LH in urine, it indicates that ovulation is imminent, and couples trying to conceive should be aware of this window of opportunity.

The other hormones listed do not have the same direct relationship with the ovulatory process as LH does. Progesterone is primarily involved in the luteal phase after ovulation, prolactin is mainly associated with lactation, and oxytocin is involved in childbirth and breastfeeding, not directly in the ovulation process. Therefore, luteinizing hormone is the hormone that home ovulation tests