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Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication primarily used in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. One of the notable and significant risks associated with clozapine is agranulocytosis, which is a potentially life-threatening decrease in the number of white blood cells (neutrophils). The incidence of this adverse reaction is dose-dependent, meaning that the risk increases with higher doses of the medication. Regular monitoring of the patient’s blood counts is essential during treatment with clozapine to ensure that any drop in white blood cell counts is identified and managed promptly.

In relation to the other options provided, while weight gain can occur with clozapine, it is typically not as directly correlated to the dosage as agranulocytosis. Hypertension is a lesser-known side effect and does not present as a common dose-dependent issue with clozapine, and dry mouth may occur but is more related to anticholinergic effects rather than a dose-dependent relationship. Therefore, agranulocytosis stands out as the correct choice due to its critical nature and the close connection to increasing doses of clozapine.